1.Ubuntu软件仓库源
配置文件位置:/etc/apt/sources.list
用vi、gedit、vs code等编辑工具打开文件进行修改
备份原仓库源:cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources-bak.list
(1)方法一:
把原文件中archive.ubuntu.com替换为archive.aliyun.com(或其他更新源网址)
(2)方法二:复制以下相应系统版本仓库源内容,覆盖原文件中的内容。
查看系统版本命令:lsb_release -a
修改完成后,更新本地安装包数据库:sudo apt update
在ubuntu系统下,只需运行apt-get install
列表中的内容格式:
deb(or deb-src) URLs Distribution_name Package_type_list
例如:
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
其中:
deb表示预编译好的dbian文件,/deb-src分别debian源文件。
http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ 为仓库源存储的URL。
xenial 表示仓库源的版本名
main和restrickted表示的是软件的属性
main:完全的自由软件,restricted:不完全的自由软件;
universe:ubuntu官方不提供支持与补丁,全靠社区支持;
muitiverse:非自由软件,完全不提供支持和补丁。
2.更换国内仓库源
(1)Ubuntu 23.04 (lunar)更新源
# aliyun
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# tsinghua
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# 中科大
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# 163
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ lunar main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ lunar-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ lunar-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ lunar-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ lunar-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ lunar main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ lunar-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ lunar-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ lunar-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ lunar-backports main restricted universe multiverse
(2)Ubuntu 22.04 (jammy)更新源
# aliyun
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# tsinghua
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# 中科大
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# 163
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
(3)Ubuntu 20.04(focal) 更新源
# aliyun
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# 中科大
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# tsinghua
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# 163, netease
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
(4)Ubuntu 18.04(bionic) 更新源
# aliyun
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# 中科大
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# 163
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# tsinghua university
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
3.手动添加第三方软件仓储源
/etc/apt/sources.list中的URL源找不到的软件时,需要手动添加软件仓储源
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kirillshkrogalev/ffmpeg-next
在/etc/apt/sources.list.d/路径下产生了一个新文件记录了该软件的源
kirillshkrogalev-ubuntu-ffmpeg-next-xenial.list
更新仓库源:sudo apt-get update
//访问源列表中每个网址,并拉取可更新的软件列表;但并不更新
即可安装仓库源内的软件:sudo apt-get install ffmpeg
或者更新软件:sudo apt-get upgrade
//将本地软件与源列表上拉去的列表对比,并更新软件。
4.删除错误仓库源文件
仓储源出错或者添加了太多的仓储源导致sudo apt-get update时间过长。在安装完软件后可以移除对应的第三方源。
例如,上面添加的源deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/kirillshkrogalev/ffmpeg-next/ubuntu xenial main导致update报错遇到以下问题,无法update。
方法:在仓库目录 /etc/apt/sources.list.d ,删除错误仓库源文件。
Reading package lists... Done
W: The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/kirillshkrogalev/ffmpeg-next/ubuntu xenial Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Data from such a repository can't be authenticated and is therefore potentially dangerous to use.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
E: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/kirillshkrogalev/ffmpeg-next/ubuntu/dists/xenial/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found
E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d
sudo rm 对应仓库
或update时报错
Segmentation fault (core dumped)
Reading package lists... Error!
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntukylin.com:10006/ubuntukylin/dists/xenial/InRelease Could not resolve 'archive.ubuntukylin.com'
E: Failed to fetch store:/var/lib/apt/lists/partial/security.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_xenial-security_restricted_dep11_Components-amd64.yml.gz Hash Sum mismatch
E: Failed to fetch store:/var/lib/apt/lists/partial/cn.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_xenial_main_dep11_Components-amd64.yml.gz Hash Sum mismatch
E: Failed to fetch store:/var/lib/apt/lists/partial/cn.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_xenial-updates_restricted_dep11_Components-amd64.yml.gz Hash Sum mismatch
E: Failed to fetch store:/var/lib/apt/lists/partial/cn.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_xenial-backports_main_dep11_icons-64x64.tar.gz Hash Sum mismatch
W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
E: Problem executing scripts APT::Update::Post-Invoke-Success 'if /usr/bin/test -w /var/cache/app-info -a -e /usr/bin/appstreamcli; then appstreamcli refresh > /dev/null; fi'
E: Sub-process returned an error code
排查发现该问题源为sogoupinyin.list添加的,移除该list或者注释掉该list中的内容# deb http://archive.ubuntukylin.com:10006/ubuntukylin xenial main,再update恢复正常。
5.Ubuntu软件仓库源类型
APT (Advanced Packaging Tool) 用于管理Ubuntu及其衍生版本的软件包。APT依赖于存储在Ubuntu软件仓库中的软件包。Ubuntu软件仓库源是APT用于获取软件包的位置。
Ubuntu软件仓库源分为以下几种类型:
官方源(Main、Restricted、Universe、Multiverse)
第三方源(PPA)
本地源(Local)
官方源由Canonical官方维护;
第三方源由社区或第三方维护;
本地源则是本地计算机上存储软件包的位置。
(1)官方源:
Main、Restricted、Universe、Multiverse是Ubuntu官方源的四个组件。每个组件包含不同类型的软件包。
Main:包含Ubuntu官方支持的自由软件。
Restricted:包含Ubuntu官方支持的非自由软件,如硬件驱动程序。
Universe:包含社区支持的自由软件。
Multiverse:包含社区支持的非自由软件。
例如,要安装OpenSSH服务器软件包,可以使用以下命令:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install openssh-server
(2)第三方源:
通过添加第三方源来获取更多软件包。最常见的第三方源是PPA(Personal Package Archives),由社区维护。添加PPA源可以通过以下命令:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:用户名/仓库名
sudo apt-get update
例如,要添加Node.js的PPA源,可以使用以下命令:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nodejs/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nodejs
(3)本地源:
将软件包存储在本地计算机上,例如在没有internet连接时。可以通过创建本地源的方式自己管理软件包。例如,可以将deb软件包放在/var/cache/apt/archives目录中,然后使用以下命令将该目录添加为本地源:
sudo apt-ftparchive packages /var/cache/apt/archives > Packages
sudo gzip -c Packages > Packages.gz
sudo apt-ftparchive release . > Release
使用以下命令将该源添加到apt的源列表中:
sudo echo "deb [trusted=yes] file:///var/local_repo ./" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/local.list
sudo apt-get update
以上命令将在本地创建名为local的源,并将/var/local_repo目录添加为其存储软件包的位置。
总结:
APT是一个功能强大的工具,可以用于管理Ubuntu上的软件包。掌握Ubuntu软件仓库源相关的知识,可以让我们更好地管理和使用软件。
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